Final Capstone

Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………3 Research Body……………………………………………………………………..4 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….13 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………….14 Abstract My capstone project is centered around educating adolescent and youth about diabetes and its effect on health related issues such as obesity. My paper will be informative about these diabetes and obesity and will also provide ways to dissolve these issues. My paper will target children and adolescence about the growing number of obese and diabetic patients are youth. My paper will evaluate both issues in depth and give a concise understanding of the severity of the diseases in youth. My mission is to help youth and adolescence understand why they are targeted and how they can reverse this trend.   “Diabetes and obesity are the biggest public health challenge of the 21st century” (IDF). However, Diabetes and obesity have become two of the biggest problems facing the United States: mainly targeting children and adolescence. Both of these issues have grown to become big problem for Americans over the past decade. This will continue to get worse if we don’t acknowledge and stop this increasing trend now. According to webMd.com Children and adolescence born in or after the 2000’s have been targeted mainly for advertisements for high fatty foods. Obesity and diabetes is on the rise in the United Stated among children almost tripling in diagnoses every year. Of the people diagnosed with Type II diabetes, about 80 to 90 percent are also diagnosed as obese (Diabetescareservice.com). Type II diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Childhood obesity has been directly linked to diabetes (Donorschoose.org). Being unaware of both diseases as an adolescent or child has often affected the patients in later stages of life with diagnoses and behavior related to late stages of diagnosis. Signs of Obesity and diabetes often surface after many of years of bad eating habits and no exercising. Being diagnosed usually carries an emotional toll on a patient diagnosed after a long period of time of unknowing. The coping process with both diseases is really hard to do after a lifestyle is established. Would knowing the signs of diabetes and obesity help prevent unaware diagnosis; could diabetes or obesity be prevented earlier? Many are often scared to find out they are obese or have diabetes; they often go in frantic state. Would a patient diagnosed with diabetes or obesity have a better outcome if he or she were educated at an earlier stage The National Diabetes Education Programs set objectives such as “Increase awareness and knowledge of the seriousness of diabetes, its risk factors, and effective strategies for preventing complications associated with diabetes and preventing type 2 diabetes”(Nih.gov). How can early diabetes education have an adverse effect on the growing number of obese and morbid obese patients? What you need to know about diabetes: signs and symptoms to be aware of. Diabetes occurs when the body can no longer make enough insulin to support itself. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes. People who have family members with diabetes are often prone to be diagnosed with diabetes. Signs of diabetes may often alert you or a loved one to see a physician. Diabetes causes thirst but not that of dehydration. It also causes vision problems that most people defer as a need for glasses or getting blinder if you are older. People most often are blinded by the weakness part of diabetes by just being tired or overworked. All of these are signs of diabetes --- as seen in a child as normal behavior but that is not the case. Children are not aware of signs that present themselves early and are overlooked: they are usually not active enough to notice a change. Would you see a physician or continue daily routines. I am going to tell you why this can cause great danger to your son or daughter as an adolescence or teen. Diabetes: living and coping with diagnosis. Living well with diabetes takes emotional strength (behavioraldiabetesinstitute.org) Coping with diabetes can be very emotional—especially in adolescence and teens feeling of being subjected due to the diagnosis. When first diagnosed a feeling of denial –Temporarily denying diabetes may help you come to terms with it more slowly (Mayoclinic.org). Denial is an early stage of diagnosed patients but lessens over time. For some people living with diabetes, feelings of low self-esteem, inadequacy, stress or anxiety may start to emerge. This can turn into depression, loss of sexual interest, guilt and a wide range of other emotions (Diabetes.org). Studies show that Americas eating habits are on a downward spiral, “Hey America: Our eating habits are getting worse” (live science.com). To also help educate children schools state that they are “Fully implementing the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, by enacting the new school meal standards and updating nutrition standards for snack foods and beverages in schools.” Schools all across the United States are changing the way the physical education class is being conducted in class; they are now exercising for more than sixty minutes a day as required. America has also taken an initiative to help promote healthy eating. Even Michelle Obama, has teamed up with Disney -- a 24-hour kid-driven television channel to promote healthy eating and living. America is trying to educate children at a young age about health risk of diabetes and obesity. Based on studies from the Pediatric journal School-age youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is developmentally appropriate, enjoyable, and involves a variety of activities (Nih.gov). The burning excess body fat, helps to decrease and control weight (decreased body fat results in improved insulin sensitivity) (WebMd.com).Diabetes and obesity have been the main focus of most health issues. Most of the efforts to help educate others about diabetes and obesity have gone unnoticed. The United States has spent over 252 billion dollars on diabetes and 300 million on obese patients’ health since the 2000’s.Money should go toward the education factors of diabetes and obesity to help the diagnosed and the undiagnosed patients find a way to either coop or reverse this trend. Having a healthy eating and exercising plan can help get glucose under control. Obesity: effects on the body. The addiction to fatty-foods is very unhealthy but often satisfies the taste buds of Americans. People who are addicted to food will continue to eat despite negative consequences, such as weight gain or damaged relationships (WebMd.com). Obesity is a chronic condition defined by an excess amount body fat. A certain amount of body fat is necessary for storing energy, heat insulation, shock absorption, and other functions (medicinenet.com). More than one in five children between the ages of 6 and 17 are now considered overweight (www.donorschoose.org). Obese and morbid obese children and adolescence are direct causes of poor eating habits associated with the problems diabetics are facing in this day and time. Obese and morbid obese children and adolescence usually are diagnosed after certain test and studies are conducted. This test usually is conducted after the physician notices the patients’ health is being threatened by weight. This weight threat will often cause major health conditions such as heart attack and stroke. Physicians often use the chart below to classify obese or morbid obese patients usually their body mass index (BMI) .Body mass index (BMI) is a measurement of the relative percentages of fat and muscle mass in the human body, in which mass in kilograms is divided by height in meters squared and the result used as an index of obesity (American Heritage dictionary). If the BMI does not level out with their height and weight requirements for their age they are classified as obese or morbid obese. Both conditions put more strain on the body than should be. This scale is used to determine the amount of weight your body can carry effectively due to your height. This chart does not deem whether you are healthy or not; however, it puts you at flight risk of both obesity and diabetes diagnoses. Height 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 4'10" 100 105 110 115 119 124 129 134 138 143 148 5'0" 107 112 118 123 128 133 138 143 148 153 158 5'1" 111 116 122 127 132 137 143 148 153 158 164 5'3" 118 124 130 135 141 146 152 158 163 169 175 5'5" 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 186 5'7" 134 140 146 153 159 166 172 178 185 191 198 5'9" 142 149 155 162 169 176 182 189 196 203 209 5'11" 150 157 165 172 179 186 193 200 208 215 222 6'1" 159 166 174 182 189 197 204 212 219 227 235 6'3" 168 176 184 192 200 208 216 224 232 240 248 Ex.1 (Nih.gov) Childhood obesity increases the risk for serious health conditions like diabetes (Peele). The prevalence of obesity in children has increased markedly, with approximately 20%-25% of children either overweight or obese (medicinenet.com). When a patient is obese they have a higher chance of being diagnosed with diabetes or heart health problems related heavily to diagnoses. Having obesity at a young age can cause major health problems including effective growth of the minor. Obese patients are often diagnosed after using a BMI examination. Doctors usually diagnose using a particular scale shown above in (example 1). Diagnosis of being overweight or obese using fall in certain percentiles: overweight BMI at the 85th and below 95th percentiles and obese BMI at or above 95th percentile. Overweight refers to an excess amount of body weight that may come from muscles, bone, fat, and water; Obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat (win.niddk.nih.gov/statistics).The scale below does vary with different patients and specific terms of diagnoses. BMI 18.5–24.9 Normal weight 25.0–29.9 Overweight 30.0–39.9 Obese 40.0 and above Extreme obesity Ex.2 (Nih.gov) The pancreas and the liver are being overworked when weight is a factor. When a child’s weight increases the insulin in the body has a harder time trying to reach the necessary body parts to function correctly and causes glucose to produce at a higher or lower rate than usual. Insulin is like a key that opens up the locks on your body's cells so that glucose (blood sugar) can get inside and be used for energy (www.bd.com). The extra fat acts as a blockage to the necessary flow of glucose. There is not enough of insulin for the body to perform natural daily routines or functions. This causes the body to shut down or work against you. Diabetes can often worsen when weight is associated. Studies predict that “obesity could contribute to more than 6 million cases of type 2 diabetes” (Voices.org). Obese and morbidly obese patients usually have poor circulation due to the blockage of insulin in the body; which often leads to amputations. Being overweight places extra stress on your body in a variety of ways such as knee pain and back joints. Your body’s ability to maintain proper blood glucose levels (Diabetescareservice.com). Blood glucose is blood sugar: glucose in the bloodstream. Obesity head on: risk factors and ways to control your weight. Obesity is the result of a combination of poor lifestyle and genetics, calling obesity a disease; a disorder that currently seems to pose the biggest threat to public health (Stern). Type 2 diabetes is increasingly being reported among children and adolescents who are overweight (CDC). Obesity has become the most common risk factor for diagnosed diabetes because the high-fat consumption diets adolescence and teens believe is healthy, yet normal diet and this is not the case. High-fat diets are often associated with fast food and already prepared foods —they are often on the run and for easy access. We are eating ourselves into a diabetes epidemic (diabeticcareservice.com). Obesity can be caused by a combination of fast food and the environment people live in today (obesityaction.org).Having the access to these foods is a big issue. People are consuming high fat and salt content foods such as starch and corn rich products such as chips and fries. Children and adolescence born after 2000 are subjected to the world of high corn and starch rich foods. Soybeans extended gains and corn climbed on speculation that demand is improving as U.S. farmers withhold newly harvested supplies (Bloomberg.com). These eating habits are growing worse and are causing problems with trying to control a healthy weight and lifestyle. America is not balancing a healthy diet sources say, “Americans have a reputation for reckless eating - no secret there. We fill our cupboards with fatty, sugary, high-calorie foods while shunning the nutritious fruits and vegetables that government guidelines urge us to eat” (CBS).Voices.org suggests Most patients that are obese have lived a life of very unhealthy eating. Patients diagnosed with obesity usually have a coping process to change the unwanted lifestyle. Diabetes and weight control go hand and hand; weight poses a high risk factor to be diagnosed with diabetes, and most diabetics are overweight when diagnosed. Controlled exercise has been the direct correlation to teens and adolescences controlled blood sugars. How diabetes and obesity go hand and hand. Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in school-aged children (Nih.gov).Approximately 215, 000 Americans younger than age 20 have diabetes (Nih.gov).The chart bellows shows a classification of overweight and obese patients related to age. Diabetes is hereditary disease; however obesity can be controlled and even alleviated. Diabetes does not have to run in your family to be at risk. The chart below shows valuable information to support the fact that obesity is a big problem in children and Adolescence. ■ Overweight or Obesity ■ Obesity Percentage by Age Group, Ages 2–19 (www.win.niddk.nih.gov) The chart above is merely to give a rough estimate of the diagnosed adolescence and teens with obese of obesity. Most cases of diabetes among children and adolescents are type 1. Type 1 diabetes is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The percentage of overweight children and adolescents in the US has nearly tripled since the early 1970’s (donorschoose.org).In addition; Studies show that one-third of children and adolescents in the United States are overweight or obese. This excludes the 257 countries in the world also affected by this disease, yes disease. Both diabetes and obesity have been deemed diseases by many medical personnel. It is estimated that one out of every three children born after 2000 in the United States only will be directly affected by diabetes (American Diabetes Association). Kids and adolescences are becoming more sedentary and eating more junk foods than ever before (Manzella). The urge to eat is has now become a necessity and addiction. Diagnosis: prevention tips. Exercise is often the first thing a physician will tell you to do when diagnosed with diabetes or obesity. Dieting is usually the second option. Studies have shown that healthy eating and exercise has either helped those diagnosed control their weight and sugar or help diabetics with medicine control. If the way you eat affected your health would you adjust it? All people with diabetes are advised to avoid ―liquid carbs (carbohydrates) such as sugary drinks and juices (including 100 percent fruit juice) and regular pancake syrup (Nih.gov).The things we believe are normal snack items such as sodas and juices could eventually give us diabetes. Diabetes can often cause emotional and traumatic problem for adolescences and teens (Diabetes.com). Diabetes and obesity have been the main focus of most health issues. Most of the efforts to help educate others about diabetes and obesity have gone unnoticed. Educating our youth about signs and symptoms will decrease the amount of diagnosed patience. Educating children and adolescence about diabetes and obesity and how they go hand and hand should decrease the amount of diagnosed obese and diabetic youth. Studies show that our youth are the main ones being targeted by advertisements and media for the trending high fat diet food associated with diabetes and obesity. If the youth know the signs and effects of obesity and diabetes then they are not blind-sided by advertisement and media. These actions will soon lead to better eating habits and weight control. After conducting a survey at Maplewood High School, I learned that those diagnosed and undiagnosed said if they knew the signs and symptoms of both diseases they would change their eating habits and lifestyle to prevent it. These studies further back up the fact that educating youth about diabetes can make the growing number of obese and morbidly obese patients decrease.   Bibliography Adams, Jill U. "Coaching Increases Success of Diet and Exercise Programs." Washington Post: E.6. Jul 23 2013. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 30 Aug. 2013 . - A study published this spring analyzed the effect of lifestyle modification on weight loss among 5,145 overweight and obese people with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes: A Serious Public Health Problem., 2000. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 30 Aug. 2013. -The seventh leading cause of death in the United States, diabetes contributes to more than 193,000 deaths each year. NIH Math Model Predicts Effects of Diet, Physical Activity.., 2013. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 30 Aug. 2013 -More than one-third of children and adolescents in the United States are overweight or obese. Stern, Judith S., and Alexandra Kazaks. "Obesity as a Disease." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 30 Aug. 2013. -Obesity is the result of a combination of poor lifestyle and genetics, calling obesity a disease a disorder that currently seems to pose the biggest threat to public health. Stern, Judith S., and Alexandra Kazaks. "Consequences of Obesity." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 30 Aug. 2013.